A wireless-enabled helmet paired with Smartphone will effectively reduce the chance of accidents. Many youngsters choose bike riding for fun, economic, less parking space and are easily manageable in traffic compared to other automobiles. The proposed work ensures the riders are wearing helmets using IR sensors during travel, intimate the accident location to a nearby hospital and family members. This wearable device consists of many sensors which will send the readings to the Arduino application through WIFI. Most importantly, the motorbike ignition system is connected in such a way that it will not trigger on until the rider is wearing a helmet and without consuming alcohol. This system is widely used during night travelling, to find whether the traveller is tired or sleepy. This work is further enhanced with the built-in navigation system to provide a tense free ride.

This cross -sectionale descriptive research has been fuIfilled to determine The importance of sfety audit in porbable accidents prevention and identifing risk factors at a mechanical brick-factory in tehran during 85-93 (a period of,years).The accidents of factory were considered in respect of the reports and records during 95 -96.all the accident frequency , severity , incidence and accident rates were calrulated in different parts of the factory.The results implied that quotient (447) went for year 89,and the lowest a accident frequency rate (2.5)and accident incidence rate (27) stood for year 93 in the production hall.so, lowest accident severity rate (364) and accident severity rate (%45) were in year 89.there was a significant correlation between the ccidentof the first 3 years (85-87) nad the second 3 years (88-90)with the third 3 year(91-93),(p=0<%5) the accident of the firstand the second the second 3 years hove differd from those of thrid 3 years, so that the numbers of accidents 3 years had been than those of the first and second of 3 years.the results also implied that the safety programs in the work place in the third years were relatively favorite , due to the fulfilment of saftey audit by safety groups . the validity and importane of safety audit in recognization of dangers and accident prevention was also proved.

Background and Aim: Due to the diversity and complexity of traffic, the occurrence of severe traffic accidents with heavy physical and financial losses in the country and the increase in the deaths of citizens in accidents, rooting and research about the causes of accidents is necessary for prevention. For this purpose, in this research, attempts have been made to identify the factors of policing that have the greatest impact in preventing accidents. Methodology: This research is a descriptive-analytic study carried out in a survey method. The statistical population consisted of 3759 managers, teachers, experts and traffic users who were randomly selected using Cochran's relationship. For data analysis, structural equation and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Findings: Factors and variables such as training and promoting traffic culture, traffic engineering, enforcement of laws and regulations, environmental conditions and lack of unit management in the traffic area were identified as effective factors in preventing accidents. In examining the hypotheses related to the mentioned factors, there is a significant relationship between the five factors and the variables in question. Conclusion: The results of the research show that the training and promotion of traffic culture by policemen has the greatest impact on the prevention of traffic accidents. Traffic engineering, enforcement of rules and regulations, environmental conditions, and lack of unit management in traffic were ranked as follows.

This study introduces a Hybrid Markov–Bayesian Framework for predicting and managing accident risks in high-risk industries, with a specific focus on the mining sector. The framework integrates Markov models to analyze dynamic risk transitions and Bayesian networks to infer causal relationships among key human and environmental factors. Drawing from a comprehensive dataset of mining operations, the framework evaluates variables such as age, experience, task type, and injury characteristics to predict and control accident risks. The results highlight the model's high performance, achieving an accuracy of 87%, precision of 85%, and an F1-score of 0.84. This innovative approach enables real-time safety interventions and proactive risk management strategies. The findings underscore the framework's potential to improve workplace safety and serve as a scalable tool for accident prevention in other high-risk industries. Future research will focus on enhancing the framework’s adaptability and incorporating additional contextual variables for broader applicability.

Background: Over one billion Muslims fast worldwide during the month of Ramadan. Many of Moslem's women continue to using oral contraceptive pill (OCP) to prevent menstrual bleeding because of Ramadan and it's fasting. The object of this study was to investigate whether continues using OCP has any effect on cerebrovascular accident in women fasting in Ramadan.Materials and Methods: This observational case-control study was based on quota sampling of 41 patients with CVA and 123 control patients who refer to Baghyatallah Hospital because of other disease. Both of them using OCP. Results: 73.2% of patients have hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident. All of patient belong to less than 30 years old use OCP and 58.9% of patients belong to 35-45 years age group use OCP and 50% of patient of over 45 years old group use OCP too. Age mean of patient was more than control group (p=0.015). In patient group there is more percent of OCP user that continue pill to prevent menstrual bleeding. (p=0.000, OR=45.2).Conclusion: Continuous using of OCP for prevention of menstrual bleeding makes increase in risk of CVA.

Background and purpose:most countries need participation of insurer in prevention of traffic accidents is limited to payment of damages after accidents, and the only motivation shown by insurance industry for the prevention of accidents is the application of a reward system and giving discounts for non-accidents. Damage vehicles without traffic accidents during the validity period vehicle insurance policy. should be mentioned that insurance can be used as an important and necessary tool better traffic management and prevention ofaccidents. Therefore, the current research seeks to identify the dimensions, components and indicators insurance participation in the prevention of accidents.Method: research is an exploratory mixed method in terms of practical purpose. qualitative part, statistical population consisted of interviews with experts Central Insurance of Islamic Republic of and Rahor Faraja Headquarters using a purposeful judgmental sampling method, and quantitative part of statistical population, the senior experts of the Rahor Police Headquarters were selected using a stratified random method. qualitative part of theme analysis method using MAXQDA2020 software and in quantitative part of confirmatory factor analysis and to validate model resulting from qualitative part by structural equation modeling using pls Smart confirmatory factor analysis software.Results: Insurance companies have a significant potential and role in implementing traffic regulations and preventing violations and thus reducing accidents and incidents, and their role is often indirect. So that these companies can reduce traffic accidents by receiving insurance premiums in proportion to risk of drivers, increasing the safety equipment vehicles, and spending money field of fixing accident-prone areas.

Background and Objective: According to the official statistics, the decrease in number of fatalities in traffic accidents of 2011-2016 shows the deterrence of the law handling traffic violations reducing traffic accidents in the country, but since 2017, the number of injured and dead in traffic accidents has increased. Scientific studies conducted in recent years on the causes of the increase in traffic accidents show that one of the factors in the increase in traffic accidents has been the reduction of deterrence of the law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the deterrence law on investigating traffic violations in the prevention of accidents.Method: This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of mixed method. The statistical population is the qualitative section of IRI Traffic Police experts and the quantity section of managers of the 28 districts of Tehran traffic police with a large number of 112 people. Sampling was qualitative in targeted method and stratified in the quantitative part. In order to analyze the data collected in the qualitative part (interview) of the theme analysis method using MAXQDA software and in a quantity part of the confirmatory factor analysis and to validate the model obtained from the qualitative part by modeling, structural equation was done using LISREL8.5 software.Findings: The findings of the qualitative section, legal, executive and policy constraints were identified, which were also confirmed in the quantitative section. The most important challenges included legal loopholes, the need for updates and the lack of enforcement guarantees in some articles of the law, the lack of a governing body, weaknesses in law enforcement, and the lack of a conceptual model for accident prevention.Results: The results of the study show that the law on the investigation of traffic violations does not have the necessary deterrence in the prevention of accidents and it is necessary to review the law to achieve a strategic perspective and management to prevent accidents.